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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Norway: History
</title>
<article>
<hdr>
Background Notes: Norway
History
</hdr>
<body>
<p> The Viking period (9th to 11th centuries) was one of
national unification and expansion for Norway. The Norwegian
royal line died out in 1319, and the country entered a period
of "union" with Denmark. By 1536, Norway had become part of the
Danish Kingdom. In 1814, as a result of the Napoleonic wars,
Norway was separated from Denmark and joined with Sweden. A
movement for independence, which resulted in the adoption of the
constitution of 1814, was put down by the Swedes. The union
persisted until 1905, when Sweden recognized Norwegian
independence.
</p>
<p> The Norwegian Government offered the throne of Norway to
Danish Prince Carl in 1905. After a plebiscite approving the
establishment of a monarchy, the parliament unanimously elected
him king. He took the name of Haakon VII, harking back to the
kings of independent Norway. He reigned until his death in
1957, when he was succeeded by his son, Olav V. Olav's son,
Harald, is crown prince and heir apparent. Norway was a
nonbelligerent during World War I, but as a result of the German
invasion and occupation during World War II, Norwegians
generally became skeptical of the concept of neutrality and
turned instead to collective security. Norway was one of the
signers of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 and was a founding
member of the United Nations. The first UN General Secretary,
Trygve Lie, was a Norwegian.
</p>
<p>Current Political Conditions
</p>
<p> Until the 1981 election, Norway had been governed by Labor
Party governments since 1935 with the exception of three
periods (1963, 1965-71, and 1972-73). The Labor Party lost its
majority in the Storting in the 1961 elections; thereafter, when
in power, its rule has depended largely upon support of other
parties, according to the issue under consideration.
</p>
<p> Labor dropped to 66 seats in the 1981 election, and the
Conservative Party, with 53 seats, formed a minority government
with the parliamentary backing of two other nonsocialist
parties, the Center Party and the Christian People's Party.
Kaare Willoch, chairman of the Conservatives, became prime
minister. In June 1983, the Conservative government was
reorganized into a majority coalition government including
ministers from the Christian People's and Center Parties. The
three-party coalition suffered a setback in the 1985 election
and was therefore obliged to depend upon support from the
Progress Party to maintain a parliamentary majority on key
issues. The coalition lost a vote of confidence in April 1986,
when the Progress Party joined opposition parties in voting
against a proposed gasoline tax increase. Because under the
Norwegian constitution the parliament cannot be dissolved,the
Labor Party agreed to form a minority government in May 1986.
In order to remain in power until the September 1989 election,
on every key issue the Labor Party has needed the support of at
least a few votes from the parties that comprised the former
Conservative-led coalition government.
</p>
<p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
July 1989.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>